Anion Gap

Anion Gap = Na - (Cl + HCO₃^-) Delta Gap = Anion Gap - 12 (nl anion gap)

Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis: MUDPILERS

• Methanol
• Uremia
• DKA/Alcoholic KA
• Paraldehyde
• Isoniazid
• Lactic Acidosis
• Etoh/Ethylene Glycol
• Rhabdo/Renal Failure
• Salicylates

Non-Anion Gap Acidosis: HARDUPS

• Hyperalimentation
• Acetazolamide
• Renal Tubular Acidosis
• Diarrhea
• Uretero-Pelvic Shunt
• Post-Hypocapnia
• Spironolactone

Acute Respiratory Acidosis (Chronic Respiratory Acidosis = COPD/restrictive lung dz): any hypoventilation state

• CNS Depression (drugs/CVA)
• Airway Obstruction
• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary Edema
• Hemo/Pneumothorax
• Myopathy

Metabolic Alkalosis: CLEVER PD

• Contraction
• Licorice*
• Endo: (ConnÕs/
• CushingÕs/BartterÕs)*
• Vomiting
• Excess Alkali*
• Refeeding Alkalosis*

Respiratory Alkalosis: CHAMPS (think speed up breathing)

• CNS disease
• Hypoxia
• Anxiety
• Mech Ventilators
• Progesterone
• Salicylates/Sepsis